Controversial treatment for autism may do more harm than good, Baylor University researchers find

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Tonya Lewis
tonya_lewis@baylor.edu
254-710-4656
Baylor University

WACO, Texas (Nov. 29, 2012) A controversial treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not only ineffective but may be harmful, according to a study conducted by Baylor University researchers.

The treatment, known as chelation, attempts to eliminate metals such as mercury from the body.

"The chemical substances used in chelation treatment have a myriad of potentially serious side effects such as fever, vomiting, hypertension, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias and hypocalcemia, which can cause cardiac arrest," said Tonya N. Davis, Ph.D., assistant professor of educational psychology in Baylor's School of Education and co-author of the study. To view the study, published in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, visit http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750946712000724.

In one example mentioned in the research, "a 5-year-old with ASD died from cardiac arrest caused by hypocalcemia while receiving intravenous chelation." And, a 2008 clinical study of chelation treatment for autism was suspended due to potential safety risks associated with chelation.

"Chelation therapy represents the 'cart before the horse' scenario where the hypothesis supporting the use of chelation was not validated prior to using it as a form of treatment. Evidence does not support the hypothesis that ASD symptoms are associated with specific levels of metals in the body," said Davis, supervisor of the Applied Behavior Analysis Program at the Baylor Autism Resource Center.

In the study, Davis and colleagues reviewed the research findings of five published studies on chelation. In the studies, 82 participants ages 3 to 14 received chelation treatment ranging from one to seven months.

Of the five studies, four showed mixed resultssome positive and negative outcomes for each of the study participantsand one study showed all positive results. But after closer review, Davis and her research team found "methodological weaknesses" in the studies.

"Several studies used numerous treatments at once in addition to chelation that made it impossible to determine if the positive results could be attributed to chelation alone," Davis said.

Ultimately, Davis found that the research studies did not support the use of chelation as some have claimed and were "insufficient, which is the lowest level of certainty."

"The use of chelation to remove metals from the body in order to ameliorate ASD could be seen as unfounded and illogical," said Davis.

Despite the risks and lack of evidence supporting chelation, in an Internet survey, more than 7 percent of parents said they have tried chelation treatment for their children.

"Other researchers have found that validation of a treatment, or lack thereof, does not appear to have an influence over what treatment parents elect to use. Most parents believe in 'leaving no stone unturned' when trying to treat their children with ASD and are willing to try anything they believe might help their child," Davis said.

Davis and her colleagues hope their findings can help parents make decisions about the course of treatment to undertake for their children.

"My hope is that this research will help parents make informed choices when selecting treatments for their child with ASD. While I understand a parent's desire to try anything and everything that may help their child, as a researcher, it is difficult to watch a family spend time, money, and resources on interventions that research has found to be ineffective, or worse, potentially dangerous," Davis said.

###

Other contributing authors to the study include: Daelynn Copeland and Shanna Attai of Baylor; Mark O'Reilly and Soyeon Kang of The University of Texas at Austin; Russell Lang of Texas State University-San Marcos; Mandy Rispoli of Texas A&M University, Jeff Sigafoos of Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; Giulio Lancioni of the University of Bari, Italy, and Austin Mulloy of Virginia Commonwealth University.

ABOUT BAYLOR UNIVERSITY

Baylor University is a private Christian University and a nationally ranked research institution, characterized as having "high research activity" by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. The University provides a vibrant campus community for approximately 15,000 students by blending interdisciplinary research with an international reputation for educational excellence and a faculty commitment to teaching and scholarship. Chartered in 1845 by the Republic of Texas through the efforts of Baptist pioneers, Baylor is the oldest continually operating University in Texas. Located in Waco, Baylor welcomes students from all 50 states and more than 80 countries to study a broad range of degrees among its 11 nationally recognized academic divisions. Baylor sponsors 19 varsity athletic teams and is a founding member of the Big 12 Conference.

ABOUT BAYLOR SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

The Baylor School of Education is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education and consists of four departments: Curriculum and Instruction (preparation for classroom teachers and specialists); Educational Administration (post-graduate preparation for school leadership); Educational Psychology (undergraduate and graduate programs for those who are interested in learning, development, measurement, and exceptionalities); and Health, Human Performance and Recreation (preparing for sport- and health-related careers, athletic training and careers in recreational professions, including churches).The School of Education enrolls more than 1,000 undergraduate students and 300 graduate students, employs 70 faculty, and is one of the few school s in the State of Texas that offers a yearlong teaching internship.

Note: Video of Dr. Tonya N. Davis is available at http://www.baylor.edu/mediacommunications/news.php?action=story&story=125490


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Tonya Lewis
tonya_lewis@baylor.edu
254-710-4656
Baylor University

WACO, Texas (Nov. 29, 2012) A controversial treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not only ineffective but may be harmful, according to a study conducted by Baylor University researchers.

The treatment, known as chelation, attempts to eliminate metals such as mercury from the body.

"The chemical substances used in chelation treatment have a myriad of potentially serious side effects such as fever, vomiting, hypertension, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias and hypocalcemia, which can cause cardiac arrest," said Tonya N. Davis, Ph.D., assistant professor of educational psychology in Baylor's School of Education and co-author of the study. To view the study, published in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, visit http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750946712000724.

In one example mentioned in the research, "a 5-year-old with ASD died from cardiac arrest caused by hypocalcemia while receiving intravenous chelation." And, a 2008 clinical study of chelation treatment for autism was suspended due to potential safety risks associated with chelation.

"Chelation therapy represents the 'cart before the horse' scenario where the hypothesis supporting the use of chelation was not validated prior to using it as a form of treatment. Evidence does not support the hypothesis that ASD symptoms are associated with specific levels of metals in the body," said Davis, supervisor of the Applied Behavior Analysis Program at the Baylor Autism Resource Center.

In the study, Davis and colleagues reviewed the research findings of five published studies on chelation. In the studies, 82 participants ages 3 to 14 received chelation treatment ranging from one to seven months.

Of the five studies, four showed mixed resultssome positive and negative outcomes for each of the study participantsand one study showed all positive results. But after closer review, Davis and her research team found "methodological weaknesses" in the studies.

"Several studies used numerous treatments at once in addition to chelation that made it impossible to determine if the positive results could be attributed to chelation alone," Davis said.

Ultimately, Davis found that the research studies did not support the use of chelation as some have claimed and were "insufficient, which is the lowest level of certainty."

"The use of chelation to remove metals from the body in order to ameliorate ASD could be seen as unfounded and illogical," said Davis.

Despite the risks and lack of evidence supporting chelation, in an Internet survey, more than 7 percent of parents said they have tried chelation treatment for their children.

"Other researchers have found that validation of a treatment, or lack thereof, does not appear to have an influence over what treatment parents elect to use. Most parents believe in 'leaving no stone unturned' when trying to treat their children with ASD and are willing to try anything they believe might help their child," Davis said.

Davis and her colleagues hope their findings can help parents make decisions about the course of treatment to undertake for their children.

"My hope is that this research will help parents make informed choices when selecting treatments for their child with ASD. While I understand a parent's desire to try anything and everything that may help their child, as a researcher, it is difficult to watch a family spend time, money, and resources on interventions that research has found to be ineffective, or worse, potentially dangerous," Davis said.

###

Other contributing authors to the study include: Daelynn Copeland and Shanna Attai of Baylor; Mark O'Reilly and Soyeon Kang of The University of Texas at Austin; Russell Lang of Texas State University-San Marcos; Mandy Rispoli of Texas A&M University, Jeff Sigafoos of Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; Giulio Lancioni of the University of Bari, Italy, and Austin Mulloy of Virginia Commonwealth University.

ABOUT BAYLOR UNIVERSITY

Baylor University is a private Christian University and a nationally ranked research institution, characterized as having "high research activity" by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. The University provides a vibrant campus community for approximately 15,000 students by blending interdisciplinary research with an international reputation for educational excellence and a faculty commitment to teaching and scholarship. Chartered in 1845 by the Republic of Texas through the efforts of Baptist pioneers, Baylor is the oldest continually operating University in Texas. Located in Waco, Baylor welcomes students from all 50 states and more than 80 countries to study a broad range of degrees among its 11 nationally recognized academic divisions. Baylor sponsors 19 varsity athletic teams and is a founding member of the Big 12 Conference.

ABOUT BAYLOR SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

The Baylor School of Education is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education and consists of four departments: Curriculum and Instruction (preparation for classroom teachers and specialists); Educational Administration (post-graduate preparation for school leadership); Educational Psychology (undergraduate and graduate programs for those who are interested in learning, development, measurement, and exceptionalities); and Health, Human Performance and Recreation (preparing for sport- and health-related careers, athletic training and careers in recreational professions, including churches).The School of Education enrolls more than 1,000 undergraduate students and 300 graduate students, employs 70 faculty, and is one of the few school s in the State of Texas that offers a yearlong teaching internship.

Note: Video of Dr. Tonya N. Davis is available at http://www.baylor.edu/mediacommunications/news.php?action=story&story=125490


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/bu-ctf112912.php

Kate Middleton Nude Photos glee glee boxing news Coptic Christian saturday night live julio cesar chavez jr

USS Enterprise retirement will not include Shatner

NORFOLK, Va. (AP) ? William Shatner is not attending the USS Enterprise's retirement, after all.

A publicist for the actor tells The Virginian-Pilot (http://bit.ly/TvNp1K) the former commander of the fictional starship Enterprise on TV's "Star Trek" is abandoning plans to attend the ceremony Saturday at Norfolk Naval Station. He announced earlier he would be attending.

The publicist tells the newspaper Shatner had to rework his schedule.

The Enterprise returned to Norfolk from its final deployment earlier this month. Saturday's inactivation will be its last public ceremony.

___

Information from: The Virginian-Pilot, http://pilotonline.com

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/uss-enterprise-retirement-not-shatner-112546395.html

james jones james jones aladdin black forest ufc 144 fight card ufc 144 results acura nsx

Chic Designer Board Games - Prada Plays Around With Saffiano ...

Luxury fashion house Prada has released a set of stunning Saffiano leather board games.

Family or friend game nights can now be chic with Prada?s new collection of fun and classic games. Prada made its own version of chess, backgammon and nine men?s morris. These gorgeously designed miniature game sets are made of Saffiano leather and come with matching leather cases and metal playing pieces. The cases are branded with a signature silver Prada symbol on the front and closing band. These luxury board games are made of the best materials and, with a name like Prada on them, do not come cheap. Each set comes in around $3,000.

When Christmas rolls around, if you are in the mood to splurge and can?t resist, you can pick up any of the Prada Saffiano leather board games online or at select stores.

Source: http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/saffiano-leather-board-games

Chris Brown Tattoo Innocence of Muslims Clara Schumann Jael Strauss Alison Pill Sam Bacile sprint

College Press Conference Set Dec. 6 The LEAD Publications

By USLS Communications Department-CAS

Filed under News

By Pia Villahermosa & Karla Panganiban

?

At least 300 students editors representing more than 50 college and university publications are expected to participate in the 38th Western Visayas College Press Awards which will be held at Business Inn in Bacolod City on Dec. 6.

?

COPRE , sponsored by the Philippine Information Agency in Western Visayas, is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of PIA annual campus journalism program, which promotes development-oriented information dissemination and reporting.

?

USLS SPECTRUM and LEAD editors: Top winners in
WV COPRE 2011.

?

DEVELOPMENT JOURNALISM

Dr. Janet Mesa, PIA regional director, said the program promotes responsible and development journalism part of the campus journalism practice in the region.

?

It will be the first time since 1998 for Bacolod City to host the event as it is usually held in Iloilo City.

?

The conference includes individual and group writing contests as well as talks on the focus of the year?s thrusts, which include media convergence and eco tourism.

?

SMART JOURN.PH,GROUP, INDIV IDUAL AWARDS

Also included in this year?s awards program are the 3rd Annual Bloggers Competition through the journ.ph platform sponsored by Smart Communications, Inc.? and the Canadian Urban Institute?s eco-tourism writing contest.

?

The LEAD Online writers: Two-year-in-a-row champion in
The SMART Communications ? sponsored journ.ph blogging competition

?

Other major awards at stake? this year are the Best Wall News, Best Literary Folio, Best High School Newsletter, Best College Newsletter, Best Multi-lingual & Mother Tongue-based Publication and Best College Newsletter.

?

Top Five individual writers will be recognized through on-the-spot writing competitions in English and Filipino in news, editorial, feature and sports writing, headlining and copyreading and photojournalism.

?

USLS HARVEST

The University of St. La Salle claimed top honors in the 2011 COPRE edition with its SPECTRUM winning the best magazine award and The LEAD as the Best College Newspaper and Best Departmental Publication.

?

Elsa Subong, PIA training officer and COPRE awards project officer, said both USLS? publications were also declared Gawad Graciano Lopez Jaena awardees for winning the three respective categories three years in a row.

?

MR. & MS. COPRE

Another highlight of the one-day event is the selection of Mr. & Ms. College Press Conference.

?

The reigning titlists are Gerhard Pagunsan of USLS MassComm, who gave The LEAD the plum for the third time in a row, ?and Josefa Castro of the University of San Agustin.

?

The LEAD editors have figured well in the personality and intelligence competition with Joel Masadia and Peter Samson clinching Mr. COPRE titles in 2009 and 2010, respectively,? and Jemaimah Taladico? as Ms. COPRE 2010.

?

The LEAD entries have been consistent finalists with Francine Marie Pacificador (2008), Lianne? Fernandez (2009) and Nadine Hautea (2011) taking? first runner-up honors.

?

The Mr. COPRE selection was not held by PIA in 2010.

Share on Facebook

Source: http://thelead-uslsmasscomm.journ.ph/2012/11/29/college-press-conference-set-dec-6/

Olympic Medal Count 2012 Olympics 2012 Olympic Schedule 2012 NBC Olympics NBC Olympics schedule 2012 Olympics Chad Everett

#GivingTuesday Shines a Light on Philanthropy, Service and American Generosity and Creates Opening Day for the Giving Season

2,500+ Partners Harness Social Media to Get People Talking about Causes, Needs and Innovative Ways to Give Back.

Blackbaud reports 53% increase in online donations on inaugural #GivingTuesday compared to same day last year.

New York, NY (PRWEB) November 28, 2012

An unprecedented partnership of more than 2,500 charities, volunteer organizations, corporations, community centers and foundations made history yesterday with the inaugural #GivingTuesday, marked by activities and campaigns in all 50 U.S. states. The #GivingTuesday movement created a new day on the calendar to mark the opening of the Giving Season, with volunteer projects, online fundraisers, and collections for the needy with many focusing on Superstorm Sandy victims. The movement's goals of inviting more people to think about giving and encouraging generosity of time and resources were embraced by grassroots organizers, corporate and retail leaders and an emerging cadre of entrepreneurial philanthropists. The #GivingTuesday message was also echoed in statements from Mayors of Chicago, Philadelphia and New York, philanthropy leaders including Bill Gates, and the White House. Early indicators point to the promise and potential of the movement. Blackbaud (http://www.blackbaud.com), a global provider of software and services to nonprofits and a founding partner of #GivingTuesday, processed $10 million in online donations on inaugural #GivingTuesday ? a 53% increase when compared to the Tuesday after Thanksgiving the previous year.

Organizers hope this outpouring of giving and awareness will catalyze a sustained period of robust and creative giving during the holiday season.

An "Opening Day" for Giving

Coming on the heels of the country's biggest shopping days, Black Friday and Cyber Monday, #GivingTuesday was designed to help change the national dialogue about giving and mobilize an "opening day" for charitable giving and volunteer support for causes large and small. Born from conversations at New York City's 92nd Street Y, and supported by a Team of Influencers including some of the nation's leading foundation executives, philanthropy experts, public relations professionals and social media leaders, #GivingTuesday asked people to support their favorite charities and do something special to give back on November 27. Next year, #GivingTuesday will fall on December 3, 2013.

Social Media Helps Power a Movement about Generosity

The #GivingTuesday conversation reached millions of people on November 27 through a coordinated social media effort that included a Social Media Ambassadors program; special blog series; innovative platforms designed to help participants share information, tools and best practices; and a sustained Twitter and Facebook conversation. The social media conversation included thousands of posts and photos showcasing the variety of ways that people donated or gave back on November 27 and the plans they have to support causes throughout the holiday season.

The robust conversation resulted in #GivingTuesday becoming a trending topic on Twitter in the United States for much of the day on November 27 and intermittently trending as a global topic, as well. In addition, media outlets reaching all 50 U.S. states covered both local and national initiatives, fueling discussions about how organizations can make giving more accessible and relevant for future generations and emerging leaders.

Increased Support Points to a Promising Start to the "Giving Season"

In addition to the nationwide surge in conversations about giving, #GivingTuesday partners reported strong response to calls for increased support, volunteer efforts and matching grants. Many organizations have already started reporting the impact of their efforts on #GivingTuesday to their supporters and donors, encouraging them to maintain this momentum throughout the holiday season. From supplies to volunteer hours to pints of blood donated, or even miles walked or jogged for charity, the #GivingTuesday community asked people to help "Get out the Give" in thousands of ways that will have lasting impact.

###

About #GivingTuesday


#GivingTuesday is a movement to celebrate giving, invite more people to think about meaningful ways to give their time and talents, and provide incentives to give. This first-of-its-kind effort, starting with the November 27, 2012 kick-off day for the giving season, harnesses the collective power of a unique blend of partners?charities, families, businesses and individuals?to transform how people think about, talk about and participate in the giving season.

#GivingTuesday calls on inspiring, entrepreneurial people to take collaborative action to improve their local communities, to give back in better, smarter ways to the charities and causes they celebrate and to help create a better world. #GivingTuesday is harnessing the power of social media to create a national moment around the holidays that is dedicated to giving, similar to the way Black Friday and Cyber Monday have become days synonymous with holiday shopping.

A team of recognized experts and influencers, initially convened by leaders of 92nd Street Y and supported by a core group of founding partners, are spearheading this effort. Founding partners include the United Nations Foundation, Case Foundation, DonorsChoose.org, Mashable, Blackbaud, charity: water, GlobalGiving, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America (IAVA), Kiva, Darden Restaurant Group, Groupon, Unilever and VentureThree Capital. Leaders in philanthropy, social media, innovative giving, grassroots organizing, marketing and communications are providing counsel and resources to help build this movement.

#GIVINGTUESDAY FOUNDING PARTNERS


92nd Street Y


(RED)


American Red Cross


Benevolent


Blackbaud


Bob Woodruff Foundation


Bridgespan


Care2


Causes


Charity Miles


charity: water


City of Hope


Clear Channel Outdoor


Conservation International


Crowdrise


Darden Restaurants


Discover


DoGoodBuyUs


DonorsChoose


DoSomething.org


Financial Times


Games for Change


GlobalGiving


Groupon


The Huffington Post


IAVA


JPMorgan Chase


JCPenney


Kiva


Mashable


Microsoft


Pencils of Promise


Plant a Fish


Posterscope


PSI


Samasource


Simon Malls


Skype


Sony


The Case Foundation


The Salvation Army


United Nations Foundation


United Way


Unilever


VENTURE3Philanthropy

ENDORSERS


Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy Dorothy A. Johnson Center on Philanthropy Giving Institute Giving USA Foundation InterAction Lodestar Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Innovation CHARITY ADVISORS Charity Navigator GiveWell GuideStar

VOLUNTEER ADVISORS


VolunteerMatch


To learn more about #GivingTuesday participants and activities or to join the celebration of giving, please visit:


Website: http://givingtuesday.org/


Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/GivingTuesday


Twitter: http://twitter.com/GivingTues

Amy Freeland
Fenton
303-882-6464
Email Information

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/givingtuesday-shines-light-philanthropy-american-generosity-creates-opening-211628057.html

Aaron Paul mumford and sons packers Dancing With The Stars All Stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt space shuttle Torrey Smith Brother

Doug Wojcik College of Charleston Double Low Set Play versus Baylor

Another good play run by Coach Wojcik and the College of Charleston to get a shooter with the hot hand a look at an open three pointer.? Lawrence comes off the PNR looking to hit Stitt on the weak side coming off the double screen set by Thomas & Hall.? College of Charleston used these types of plays early in the game againt Baylor when both teams were shooting extremely well from the perimeter.

Dana Beszczynski is one of our newest basketball contributors to Men?s Basketball HoopScoop.? I think that you will like this Counter Play for the Wisconsin Swing Offense.? It is one of the basketball plays that Coach Beszczynski uses with his youth club team.? I think that you will enjoy his basketball coaching material.

Basketball Coaching

Youth & Trainer Coordinator, U16 & U18 Allianz Swans Gmunden??? ???? August 2010-Present

Click on the pdf link to download the basketball plays for your basketball playbooks:

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/hoopscoop/~3/dMLhZnZBQRM/

bloom box fat tuesday obama sweet home chicago accenture match play george washington carver king cake mardi gras

Mihir Shah Is Out As Tapjoy CEO in Surprise Shake-Up. Former Disney Exec Wadsworth Steps In.

tapjoyIn a surprise shake-up at mobile app marketing company Tapjoy, CEO Mihir Shah resigned today while a former Disney executive Steve Wadsworth stepped in. There was an all-hands meeting at around 11 a.m. this morning and Mark Leschley, who is now chairman of the board, introduced Wadsworth. Shah wasn't present. Wadsworth had been at Disney for 17 years, working on the company's digital media and technology business, and he oversaw the company's roughly $700 million acquisition of social gaming company Playdom.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/l2gvd4i9FUg/

kyla pratt justified season 3 custer scott walker restaurant week type 2 diabetes occupy congress

Netflix Gambles on Big Data to Become the HBO of Streaming

Netflix Gambles on Big Data to Become the HBO of Streaming
Reed Hastings has a dream. Actually, it's more of an obsession. The Netflix CEO wants the streaming video service to become the next HBO but without the cable subscription. It's a bold plan and if Netflix can pull it off, ...


Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/GearFactor/~3/7qqDiNClSl8/

roseanne barr president green party day 26 new hunger games trailer sasquatch david choe national wear red day

New studies show moral judgments quicker, more extreme than practical ones -- but also flexible

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 28-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: James Devitt
james.devitt@nyu.edu
212-998-6808
New York University

Judgments we make with a moral underpinning are made more quickly and are more extreme than those same judgments based on practical considerations, a new set of studies finds. However, the findings, which appear in the journal PLOS ONE, also show that judgments based on morality can be readily shifted and made with other considerations in mind.

"Little work has been done on how attaching morality to a particular judgment or decision may affect that outcome," explains Jay Van Bavel, an assistant professor in New York University's Department of Psychology and one of the study's co-authors. "Our findings show that we make and see decisions quite differently if they are made with a morality frame. But, despite these differences, there is now evidence that we can shift judgments so they are based on practical, rather than moral, considerationsand vice versa."

"Our findings suggest that deciding to frame any issue as moral or not may have important consequences," said co-author Ingrid Haas, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. "Once an issue is declared moral, people's judgments about that issue become more extreme, and they are more likely to apply those judgments to others."

"Ultimately, the way that people make decisions is likely to affect their behavior," said co-author Dominic Packer, an assistant professor at Lehigh University. "People may act in ways that violate their moral values when they make decisions in terms of pragmatic concerns - dollars and cents - rather than in a moral frame. In ongoing research, we are examining factors that can trigger moral forms of decision making, so that people are more likely to behave in line with their values."

The study, which gauged decisions ranging from voting to saving for retirement to dating a co-worker, also included researchers from Ohio State University and the University of Toronto.

Millions of decisions are made every daywhich type of car to purchase, which restaurant to dine in, which company to invest in. But sometimes these decisions are made under a morality-based framework (e.g., purchasing a hybrid automobile because of our concerns about the environment) and other times we have practicality in mind (e.g., purchasing a hybrid automobile because of its fuel efficiency)even though we end up making the same decision.

However, less known are the differences between the nature of judgments based on morals and those driven by a practical, or non-moral, considerations.

To address this question, the researchers conducted three experiments at Ohio State's Social Cognitive Science lab in which they prompted subjects to evaluate a variety of decisions from either moral or non-moral (pragmatic) standpoints. In the first experiment, participants were presented with 104 actions, one at a time, on a desktop computer. Participants made moral evaluations for 52 actions using the keyboard, rating "how morally wrong/right it would be for you to" take a specific action, ranging from 1 (very wrong) to 7 (very right); they also made pragmatic evaluations for the other 52 actions, rating "how personally bad/good you think it would be for you to" take a specific action, ranging from 1 (very bad) to 7 (very good). Following each moral and pragmatic judgment, participants made universality judgments for the same action, rating "how many other people should" take a specific action (1 = nobody to 7 = everybody).

Actions to be evaluated morally versus pragmatically were randomly assigned within participants. Each action was equally likely to be evaluated according to moral or pragmatic standards. This ensured that any differences between moral and pragmatic evaluations were not due to the specific actions, but, rather, to differences in moral versus pragmatic evaluation.

Their results showed that morality-based decisions were made significantly faster than non-morality ones and that the decisions with a moral underpinning were more extremethey rated, on a 1 to 7 scale, moral decisions more extremely than they did pragmatic ones. In addition, subjects were also more likely to make universality judgments under the moral-decision frame than under the pragmatic onethat is, they were more likely to indicate that others should make the same decisions they did for judgments made with a moral underpinning.

But perhaps more significantly, the findings revealed flexibility in what we consider to be moral or non-moral decisions. The study's subjects were randomly assigned moral and non-moral judgmentsfor instance, some were asked about if it is "morally right" to "flatter a boss with a lie" while others were asked if "how personally good" it would be for them to take such an action. Subjects had different responses to the same decision, depending on whether or not it was framed as a moral or pragmatic decision, indicating that how we view a particular decision (buying organic food, reporting a crime) may be malleable.

###

This research was supported by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the John Templeton Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (BCS-0819250).


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 28-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: James Devitt
james.devitt@nyu.edu
212-998-6808
New York University

Judgments we make with a moral underpinning are made more quickly and are more extreme than those same judgments based on practical considerations, a new set of studies finds. However, the findings, which appear in the journal PLOS ONE, also show that judgments based on morality can be readily shifted and made with other considerations in mind.

"Little work has been done on how attaching morality to a particular judgment or decision may affect that outcome," explains Jay Van Bavel, an assistant professor in New York University's Department of Psychology and one of the study's co-authors. "Our findings show that we make and see decisions quite differently if they are made with a morality frame. But, despite these differences, there is now evidence that we can shift judgments so they are based on practical, rather than moral, considerationsand vice versa."

"Our findings suggest that deciding to frame any issue as moral or not may have important consequences," said co-author Ingrid Haas, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. "Once an issue is declared moral, people's judgments about that issue become more extreme, and they are more likely to apply those judgments to others."

"Ultimately, the way that people make decisions is likely to affect their behavior," said co-author Dominic Packer, an assistant professor at Lehigh University. "People may act in ways that violate their moral values when they make decisions in terms of pragmatic concerns - dollars and cents - rather than in a moral frame. In ongoing research, we are examining factors that can trigger moral forms of decision making, so that people are more likely to behave in line with their values."

The study, which gauged decisions ranging from voting to saving for retirement to dating a co-worker, also included researchers from Ohio State University and the University of Toronto.

Millions of decisions are made every daywhich type of car to purchase, which restaurant to dine in, which company to invest in. But sometimes these decisions are made under a morality-based framework (e.g., purchasing a hybrid automobile because of our concerns about the environment) and other times we have practicality in mind (e.g., purchasing a hybrid automobile because of its fuel efficiency)even though we end up making the same decision.

However, less known are the differences between the nature of judgments based on morals and those driven by a practical, or non-moral, considerations.

To address this question, the researchers conducted three experiments at Ohio State's Social Cognitive Science lab in which they prompted subjects to evaluate a variety of decisions from either moral or non-moral (pragmatic) standpoints. In the first experiment, participants were presented with 104 actions, one at a time, on a desktop computer. Participants made moral evaluations for 52 actions using the keyboard, rating "how morally wrong/right it would be for you to" take a specific action, ranging from 1 (very wrong) to 7 (very right); they also made pragmatic evaluations for the other 52 actions, rating "how personally bad/good you think it would be for you to" take a specific action, ranging from 1 (very bad) to 7 (very good). Following each moral and pragmatic judgment, participants made universality judgments for the same action, rating "how many other people should" take a specific action (1 = nobody to 7 = everybody).

Actions to be evaluated morally versus pragmatically were randomly assigned within participants. Each action was equally likely to be evaluated according to moral or pragmatic standards. This ensured that any differences between moral and pragmatic evaluations were not due to the specific actions, but, rather, to differences in moral versus pragmatic evaluation.

Their results showed that morality-based decisions were made significantly faster than non-morality ones and that the decisions with a moral underpinning were more extremethey rated, on a 1 to 7 scale, moral decisions more extremely than they did pragmatic ones. In addition, subjects were also more likely to make universality judgments under the moral-decision frame than under the pragmatic onethat is, they were more likely to indicate that others should make the same decisions they did for judgments made with a moral underpinning.

But perhaps more significantly, the findings revealed flexibility in what we consider to be moral or non-moral decisions. The study's subjects were randomly assigned moral and non-moral judgmentsfor instance, some were asked about if it is "morally right" to "flatter a boss with a lie" while others were asked if "how personally good" it would be for them to take such an action. Subjects had different responses to the same decision, depending on whether or not it was framed as a moral or pragmatic decision, indicating that how we view a particular decision (buying organic food, reporting a crime) may be malleable.

###

This research was supported by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the John Templeton Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (BCS-0819250).


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/nyu-nss112612.php

tim lincecum hologram pulitzer prize winners nfl 2012 schedule gmail down ryan oneal file taxes online

Under new coach, goalkeeping trio ready to build on season's improvement

Although the women?s soccer team?s record this season (6-9-1, 2-4-1 Ivy) was less than attention-grabbing, one statistic was not.

After losing last season?s starting goalkeeper, Lillian Klein, to graduation, the Lions were forced to rely on a group of talented but inexperienced goalkeepers for this year. The goalkeeping unit, composed entirely of underclassmen, not only filled the void left by Klein?s departure, but also improved on the team?s 2011 performance, increasing its save percentage from 0.787 to 0.827.

This improvement coincided with the arrival of goalkeeper coach Nathan Kipp, a former Duke goalkeeper coach and a coach in the Women?s Professional Soccer League. Kipp met women?s soccer head coach Kevin McCarthy when he was just starting his coaching career at Iona College back in 2003. Kipp went on to work for a number of collegiate programs before advancing into the professional coaching game, where he most recently worked with New Jersey team Sky Blue FC.

But when the WPSL suspended play earlier this year, Kipp was eager to get back into the college game. Since he was living close to New York City, he reached out to McCarthy to inquire about joining the staff as a goalkeeper coach.

?I approached him saying, look, I want to get back in the college game and I?m anxious to do some coaching with some younger players who are not quite as far along in their development cycle,? Kipp said.

The academic rigor at Columbia is what attracted Kipp to the Lions? soccer program. Ivy League athletes bring their academic prowess to the game of soccer, Kipp said?they are students of the game.

?I always enjoyed coaching soccer players who are also intellects,? Kipp said.

Kipp brought his own coaching philosophy with him to Columbia. He believes that goalkeepers must be taught individually because they each have a different approach to playing the game. The relationship between a goalkeeper coach and his players could be equated to that of a baseball pitching coach and his pitchers?Kipp has to find ways to maximize the unique personal abilities of each individual goalkeeper.

The three goalkeepers, Jourdan Sayers, Grace Redmon, and Gabby Dubick, said that Kipp has been successful, especially by introducing new techniques such as filming their practices.

Kipp?s players all spoke highly of his training techniques and the individual attention he provides.

Despite breaking her foot in the preseason, sophomore Jourdan Sayers cited Kipp?s individual help and attention as major factors in quickening her return to the game.

?When I did come back, I had a lot of difficulty diving to the side that I broke, and so there were a few times that he stayed late at practice with me just to break that down, and to really focus at regaining the basic technique,? Sayers said.

This year?s women?s soccer team offered Kipp the unique opportunity to coach young, developing keepers eager to improve their respective games. The lack of an established upperclassman keeper has lead to a healthy competitiveness within the goalkeeping unit, and the goalkeepers being so close in age adds to the competitiveness. They also said they spur each other on.

?I don?t think it would matter if they were seniors or juniors or we were all freshmen. We would all come in everyday with an attitude that wants to train, wants to work hard, wants to win and do what?s best for the team,? freshman goalkeeper Gabby Dubick said.

Although sophomore Grace Redmon started the most games in the net this season, all three keepers have good shots at the starting job for next season.

?Every season is an open book, and even though we had a situation this year with one goalkeeper playing the majority of minutes, we?re not locked into that. We?re not locked into Grace.

She will have to earn that starting spot next year,? Kipp said.

Next season?s starter may be up in the air, but one thing is for sure: If this season was any indication, things will only continue to improve for coach Kipp and the trio of young goalkeepers.

There is a lot of work to be done in the offseason, but 2013 looks promising.

sports@columbiaspectator.com

Created: Tuesday 27 November 2012 09:03pm

Updated: Wednesday 28 November 2012 04:52am

Source: http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2012/11/27/under-new-coach-goalkeeping-trio-ready-build-seasons-improvement

project x the lorax lorax fisker karma super tuesday states shepard fairey is snooki pregnant