Visualizing A Nation Of Meat Eaters

As Allison Aubrey and Dan Charles reported today on Morning Edition, meat has more of an impact on the environment than any other food we eat. That's because livestock require so much more food, water, land, and energy than plants to raise and transport. (Listen to the audio above for their conversation with Morning Edition's Linda Wertheimer.)

Take a look here at what goes into just one quarter-pound of hamburger meat.

What It Takes To Make A Quarter-Pound Hamburger

?

And that's not even including the animal's waste or the methane emissions from its digestion.

Still, there are fewer cows around these days: Beef production peaked in 1976, as Dan Charles reported on Tuesday.

U.S. beef cattle inventory, in million heads

But to be clear, if you look at the last century, meat consumption in the U.S. rose dramatically. It's only in the last few years that it has begun to drop a bit.

U.S. total meat consumption, in billion pounds

Though meat consumption in the U.S. has dropped off slightly in recent years, at 270.7 pounds per person a year, we still eat more meat per person here than in almost any other country on the planet. Only the Luxumbourgers eat more meat than we do.

As U.S. beef consumption began to decline in the 1970s, poultry began to rise quickly. A couple of years ago, chicken surpassed beef as our no. 1 meat of choice. Our consumption of pork has also risen slightly over the years.

U.S. meat consumption per person, in pounds

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Mars has snowflakes, but they are tiny, study finds

By analyzing how much light the clouds that hang over the red planet reflect, scientists found its snowflakes, which are made of CO2 instead of water, are mere thousandths of a millimeter across.?

By Space.com Staff,?Space.com / June 22, 2012

Researchers have calculated that carbon dioxide snow particles on Mars are roughly the size of a human red blood cell. Martian snow is depicted in this artist's rendering as a mist or fog that eventually settles to the surface.

Christine Daniloff/MIT News/NASA

Enlarge

Snowflakes on Mars are smaller than their Earth counterparts, having roughly the same diameter as a human red blood cell, a new study reports.

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Researchers analyzed observations made by two?Mars-orbiting spacecraft to calculate the size of snowflakes on the Red Planet, which are composed of carbon dioxide rather than water.

"These are very fine particles, not big flakes," study co-author Kerri Cahoy, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, said in a statement. An astronaut standing among snow particles falling onto the Martian surface "would probably see it as a fog, because they?re so small," Cahoy added.

Clouds of Martian snow

Clouds of snowhang above Mars during the planet's winter, covering its poles and reaching about halfway to the equator. The researchers studied observations of these clouds made over the last decade or so by two NASA spacecraft, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and the?Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter?(MRO).

For example, the team looked at temperature and pressure profiles taken by MRO to determine where and when conditions would allow carbon dioxide snow particles to form. They also analyzed measurements from MGS' laser altimeter, which gauged the topography of Mars by timing how long laser pulses took to bounce back from the planet's surface. [7 Biggest Mysteries of Mars]

Occasionally, the laser beam returned faster than anticipated, after ricocheting off?cloud?particles in the Martian atmosphere.

By analyzing how much light these clouds reflected, the researchers were able to calculate the density of carbon dioxide in each one. They figured out the total mass of snow particles hovering above Mars' poles by examining earlier measurements of tiny, seasonal shifts in the planet's gravitational field.

The team put all of this information together to calculate the number and size of individual snow particles in the polar clouds at various times. The scientists found that particle size differed from pole to pole, with flakes in the north measuring between 8 to 22 microns and those in the south just 4 to 13 microns.

Both of these size ranges are microscopic, about comparable to the width of a human red blood cell, the researches said.

?For the first time, using only spacecraft data, we really revealed this phenomenon on Mars," said lead author Renyu Hu, a grad student at MIT.

The results of the study will be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research.

Learning from the size of snow

Snowflakes require a kernel of some sort around which to form ? a speck of dust, for example. So knowing the size of Martian snowflakes may help researchers better understand the properties and behavior of dust in the Red Planet's atmosphere, Hu said.

"What kinds of dust do you need to have this kind of condensation?" he said. "Do you need tiny dust particles? Do you need a water coating around that dust to facilitate cloud formation?"

Further, Martian snow may affect how heat is distributed around Mars, reflecting sunlight in various ways depending on the size of each particle.

"They could be completely different in their contribution to the energy budget of the planet," Hu says. ?These datasets could be used to study many problems."?

Follow SPACE.com on Twitter@Spacedotcom. We're also on?Facebook?and?Google+.

Copyright 2012?SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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What do you do with your Used Wedding Gown? | fashion ...

What do you do with your Used Wedding Gown?

Article by Cornelia O?Hara

What do you do with your Used Wedding Gown? ? Relationships ? Weddings

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After your wedding, as well as afterwards you have gone house from your honeymoon, there is another realization which you have to face. That is, what you are going to do with your wedding gown. A lot of brides, on the wedding process, did not though prepare comprehending what they is about to do with the gown as well as bridal jewelry afterwards they have utilized it. Since all are excited to ascertain the right one as well as wear their gowns than conceiveing what they is about to do with it afterwards the wedding.

There are 4 options which you might do with it which is to preserve it, sell it, just donate it or recycle it.

Some brides do preserve wedding dresses regionicularly if they really have decent space in their closet to do so. Still several asides preserve their gowns though if their closets are not which spacious to accommodate the size of a wedding gown only because of it is sent overimental monetary value. Those who preserve their gowns asides conceive of passing down their gowns as well as maybe though their bridal jewelry to their future daughters or though their future daughter-in-laws.

Some brides do sell their wedding gowns maybe afterwards contemplating difficult on what next mobile is better to do with their gowns. It is asides just practical to sell their wedding gowns regionicularly if it was bought expensive. There are a lot of wedding shops as well as wedding sites which is about to assist you ascertain a buyer for your dress. You might save several of you are the cash you utilized for it as well as at the similar time saving your storage space in your closet.

Another amazing method to continue the life of your wedding gown is to donate it. Although you is about to not earn money committing so, several nevertheless the idea of you assisting those several other brides in have of gown to wear for their wedding. A amazing organization to donate your wedding gown is at Brides Against Breast Cancer. All the proceeds which they get from your gowns as well as bridal jewelry are providen to women with breast mightcer. Your wedding gown is about to be cleaned as well as as well as so sold as well as the profit is about to go to those breast mightcer patients wishes.

The last providen option which you might do is to recycle your wedding gown. You might create a fresh dress out of it or you might though use several of the fabric to use for the birth of your daughter. You might though create a pillow out of it to create as a wedding memorabilia. There are so many things which you might do to your gown. The only problem is which all of brides still hold their wedding gowns as severalthing sent overimental as well as cutting it to pieces might still be unbearable till maybe afterwards a couple of years when the gown is still in storage might they though conceive of committing severalthing with it.

About the Author

Cornelia O?Hara writes articles on weddings, jewelry, fashion, as well as etiquette for Silverland Jewelry & Gifts

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How to fix the front-facing FaceTime camera on a AT&T/GSM iPhone 4

If you frequently use FaceTime or Skype on your iPhone 4, your front facing camera is no doubt important to you. If you're out of warranty and find that the front facing camera in your AT&T/GSM iPhone 4 is malfunctioning or not working, a DIY repair is possible if you've got a bit of patience and a half an hour to spare.

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Fuller Sotheby's International Realty's Boulder Office Has Moved ...

26Jun 2012

Fuller Sotheby?s International Realty is pleased to announce the relocation of their Boulder office to a brand new space at 1050 Walnut Street in downtown Boulder. The 3,500 square foot office is located just steps from the ever-popular Pearl Street Mall, and on the same block as the luxurious St. Julien Hotel. Fuller Sotheby?s International Realty?s new downtown presence is a seamless fit in every way. Home to 12 select residential real estate brokers, people who visit the new space will discover extraordinary service driven by Sotheby?s truly customer-centric standards. When it comes to buying or selling

a home in the Boulder market, there is no match for the marketing and brand recognition that is Sotheby?s International Realty?.

James Simpson, Managing Broker of the Boulder office, commented, ?Sotheby?s International Realty is a brand synonymous with taste and style. We now have a beautiful office in a premier location that is consummate with the brand.?

For more information regarding the new Boulder office location, please visit fullersothebysrealty.com or call 303.443.6161.

This entry was posted in Boulder real estate, Fuller Sotheby's International Realty News and tagged boulder colorado sotheby's, boulder luxury real estate, luxury homes co by Fuller Sotheby's International Realty. Bookmark the permalink.

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Jesse Jackson Jr. takes medical leave of absence

FILE - In this Tuesday, March 20, 2012 file photo, U.S. Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr., D-Ill., thanks supporters at his election night party in Chicago after his Democratic primary win over challenger, former Rep. Debbie Halvorson, in the Illinois' 2nd District. Jackson's office announced Monday, June 25, 2012 in a news release that the congressman has been on a medical leave of absence since June 10 and is being treated for exhaustion. (AP Photo/M. Spencer Green, File)

FILE - In this Tuesday, March 20, 2012 file photo, U.S. Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr., D-Ill., thanks supporters at his election night party in Chicago after his Democratic primary win over challenger, former Rep. Debbie Halvorson, in the Illinois' 2nd District. Jackson's office announced Monday, June 25, 2012 in a news release that the congressman has been on a medical leave of absence since June 10 and is being treated for exhaustion. (AP Photo/M. Spencer Green, File)

CHICAGO (AP) ? U.S. Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr., who defeated a primary challenge this year despite being the target of a House ethics investigation, has been on a medical leave for two weeks and is being treated for exhaustion, his office announced Monday.

In a three-sentence news release, Jackson's office disclosed that the Democrat went on leave June 10 but did not provide further details, including how long he would be away. In the release, he asked that his family's privacy be respected.

"I don't know how long he'll be out of action," said Frank Watkins, Jackson's spokesman, adding that he could not offer additional details.

Several of Jackson's congressional colleagues noted his absence last week on the House floor, where he missed votes. U.S. Rep. Danny Davis, a Chicago Democrat, did not know why he was gone.

The statement said Jackson's offices will remain open for constituent services. Since June 10, the congressman's office has sent out news releases quoting him. His Twitter site has remained active, including two tweets Monday about the Affordable Care Act, which the U.S. Supreme Court is expected to rule on this week.

Earlier this year, Jackson, 47, faced a primary challenge from former U.S. Rep. Debbie Halvorson and campaigned more actively than in previous years. Since then, the veteran Democrat has been promoting a third Chicago area airport and campaigned against a proposed federal detention center for illegal immigrants.

Jackson first won office in 1995 and represents Illinois' 2nd District, which includes neighborhoods on Chicago's South Side and in its south suburbs.

The House Ethics Committee probe involves allegations that Jackson was involved in discussions about raising money for then-Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich's campaign in exchange for Blagojevich appointing him to President Barack Obama's vacated U.S. Senate seat.

Jackson also allegedly directed a fundraiser and longtime friend, Raghuveer Nayak, to buy plane tickets for a woman described as Jackson's "social acquaintance." Jackson has since called it a personal matter that he has dealt with privately with his wife, Chicago Alderman Sandi Jackson.

Last week, Nayak was arrested and pleaded not guilty to unrelated fraud charges involving outpatient surgery centers he owns. At Blagojevich's first corruption trial in 2010, prosecutors said another Blagojevich fundraiser was ready to testify that Jackson instructed Nayak to raise money for Blagojevich's campaign in exchange for the Senate seat. The same witness later testified that he attended a meeting with Jackson and Nayak.

Jackson has not been charged. He has repeatedly denied wrongdoing and insists he will be vindicated.

Jackson's father, the Rev. Jesse Jackson, was out of the country Monday and declined to comment on the matter. Messages left for Sandi Jackson were not immediately returned.

Associated Press

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How to Opt Out of Facebook's New Changes

Update: As of Tuesday, June 26, Facebook has pulled the last feature mentioned here, Find Friends Nearby.

So many of us are in the same boat. Every time the tech blogs update us on Facebook's newest changes to its privacy policy/affronts to our dignity, the blood boils and the outrage makes us want to quit. Then, after a tweet and a couple of minutes have gone by, we realize we're just bluffing ourselves. Because work demands we use social media, or because we'd never interact with friends and close relations without Facebook, we stay.

The next best thing, then, is to try to keep up with Team Zuckerberg's quiet machinations and adjust your settings accordingly. Fortunately, even though Facebook is careful to do a quiet rollout on many provisions it knows will alienate the user base, eagle-eyed bloggers usually catch the changes.

Today, for instance, without asking your permission, Facebook made your @facebook.com email address the default email in your profile. (Yeah, you've got one. If anybody ever actually emailed to it, the message would go into your Facebook messages inbox.) Sam Biddle at Gizmodo explains how to undo Facebook's latest bit of hubris.

As its acquisitions of Instagram and Face.com would suggest, Facebook is as much a photo-sharing service as anything. Its algorithms will now automatically recognize your face in photos?unless you opt out. Slate explains how to just say "no" to this one.

Lastly, The Social Network has launched a service called Find Friends Nearby, which will do just that?tell you which Facebook users are in your physical proximity. If you're yelling at your screen, "I don't want to be found!", don't worry. "Facebook's Newest Stalking App," as ReadWriteWeb is calling it, is opt-in only.

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Complex thinking behind the bow and arrow

ScienceDaily (June 25, 2012) ? University of T?bingen and South African researchers have revealed sophisticated design and technology developed by early humans.

The bow and arrow have long been regarded as a possible indicator of culture in prehistoric times. Bows and arrows appear to have been in use for some 64,000 years, given evidence from South Africa. Until recently, their significance in human cognitive ability was unclear. Now two researchers have been able to decode the conceptual foundations of the bow and arrow. The results of the study, by Miriam Haidle of the Heidelberg Academy's ROCEEH project (sponsored by the Senckenberg Research Institute) and the University of T?bingen and Marlize Lombard of the University of Johannesburg, appear in the latest edition of the Cambridge Archaeological Journal.

Using archaeological finds and ethnological parallels, the two researchers reconstructed the steps needed to make a bow and arrows. These are complimentary tools -- separate, but developed interdependently. The bow is the controlling element, while the arrows can be used more flexibly and are interchangeable. About 2.5 million years ago, humans first used tools to make other tools then to make tools assembled from different parts to make a unit with particular qualities, such as wooden spears with stone spearheads (ca. 200,000-300,000 years ago.) The bow and arrow and other complementary tool sets made it possible for prehistoric humans to greatly increase the flexibility of their reactions.

There are many basic complementary tool sets: needle and thread, fishing rod and line, hammer and chisel. The bow and arrow are a particularly complex example. The reconstruction of the technique shows that no less than ten different tools are needed to manufacture a simple bow and arrows with foreshafts. It takes 22 raw materials and three semi-finished goods (binding materials, multi-component glue) and five production phases to make a bow, and further steps to make the arrows to go with it. The study was able to show a high level of complexity in the use of tools at an early stage in the history of homo sapiens.

The Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities project "The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans" (ROCEEH) incorporates archaeologists, paleoanthropologists, palaeobiologists and geographers, working together to find out where the first humans arose, where they moved to in Africa and Eurasia, and why. The project covers the time between three million years ago and the last glacial maximum 20,000 years ago. The focus is on when, where, and in what form a changing climate, evolution and cultural development of early humans enabled them to expand the behavioral niche of a large primate within Africa and to find new roles outside of Africa. The University of T?bingen and the Senckenberg Research Institute in Frankfurt have been cooperating on this 20-year Heidelberg Academy project since 2008.

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Journal Reference:

  1. Lombard, Marlize & Miriam No?l Haidle. Thinking a bow-and-arrow: cognitive implica-tions of Middle Stone Age bow and stone-tipped arrow technology. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2012; 22/2, 237-264; in press [link]

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Court rejects corporate campaign spending limits

(AP) ? The Supreme Court on Monday reaffirmed its 2-year-old decision allowing corporations to spend freely to influence elections. The justices struck down a Montana law limiting corporate campaign spending.

By a 5-4 vote, the court's conservative justices said the decision in the Citizens United case in 2010 applies to state campaign finance laws and guarantees corporate and labor union interests the right to spend freely to advocate for or against candidates for state and local offices.

The majority turned away pleas from the court's liberal justices to give a full hearing to the case because massive campaign spending since the January 2010 ruling has called into question some of its underpinnings.

The same five justices said in 2010 that corporations have a constitutional right to be heard in election campaigns. The decision paved the way for unlimited spending by corporations and labor unions in elections for Congress and the president, as long as the dollars are independent of the campaigns they are intended to help. The decision, grounded in the freedom of speech, appeared to apply equally to state contests.

But Montana aggressively defended its 1912 law against a challenge from corporations seeking to be free of spending limits, and the state Supreme Court sided with the state. The state court said a history of corruption showed the need for the limits, even as Justice Anthony Kennedy declared in his Citizens United opinion that independent expenditures by corporations "do not give rise to corruption or the appearance of corruption."

Twenty-two states and the District of Columbia, as well as Sen. John McCain and other congressional champions of stricter regulations on campaign money, joined with Montana.

Two liberal justices who were in dissent in Citizens United ? Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer ? already had challenged Kennedy's view that the independent campaign spending could not be corrupting by virtue of the absence of links to a campaign.

When the court blocked the Montana ruling in February, Ginsburg issued a brief statement for herself and Breyer saying that campaign spending since the decision makes "it exceedingly difficult to maintain that independent expenditures by corporations 'do not give rise to corruption or the appearance of corruption.'"

Ginsburg appeared to be referring to the rise of unregulated super PACs that have injected millions of dollars into the presidential and other campaigns. She said the case "will give the court an opportunity to consider whether, in light of the huge sums currently deployed to buy candidates' allegiance, Citizens United should continue to hold sway."

The corporations that sued over the law said it could not remain on the books after the Citizens United decision.

Montana urged the high court to reject the appeal, or hold arguments and not issue what the court calls a summary reversal. The prevailing side in the lower court almost always strives to avoid high court review. But Montana and its supporters hoped a thorough debate over the Citizens United decision would lead to its reconsideration or at least limits on its reach.

The case is American Tradition Partnership v. Bullock, 11-1179.

Associated Press

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